Comparative analysis on the management of vaccine distribution in China and some other Asian countries / 上海预防医学

Objective To compare the framework of immunization programme and management of vaccine distributionin in China and some Asian countries, and further improve the immunization policy in China. Methods Using literature review, we compared the current status of immunization programme and vaccine distribution in China, Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Results Vaccine distribution has its own characteristics among Asian countries. Japan started early with a complete supervision system and compensation system. Thailand and Vietnam have also formed an efficient and complete cold chain transportation mode after implementing Expanded Programme on Immunization. Conclusion China can refer to the typical framework of immunization and experience of vaccine distributionfromsome Asian countries, which may improve vaccine accessand production links, standardize vaccine circulation market, and establish an efficient vaccine supervision and traceability system.

Management of vaccine cold chain delivery by international organizations / 上海预防医学

Most of serious vaccine-related adverse events in China are believed to be due to the poor management of vaccine cold chain delivery.It is an urgent need to strengthen the vaccine management system.To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the management of vaccine cold chain delivery, including practical experience in specific regions and its supervision, we reviewed the documents/guidelines/literature, published by the WHO, GAVI and UNICEF in recent ten years, on vaccine cold chain delivery.The current study serves a good reference for the regulation, policy formulation and optimization of vaccine management.

Experience of international vaccine surveillance systems management / 上海预防医学

We summarized the experiences of construction and management of vaccine safety surveillance systems in different countries and regions by using literature review, and then made the recommendations of strengthening vaccine surveillance system in China. In the study, we found that multiple existing national and regional vaccine surveillance systems, such as VAERS and EudraVigilance, can ensure vaccine safety through multi-sectoral surveillance, identification of adverse signals, and promotion of awareness of active reporting. However, the monitoring systems have some limitations, such as reporting bias and system decentralization. Therefore, China's vaccine monitoring system should establish an effective vaccine surveillance system, which achieves multi-sectoral, active, open to the public surveillance.

The role of ppGalNAc‑T family in breast cancer development and progression.

Glycosylation of proteins is an essential process in all eukaryotes. Mucin‑type O‑linked glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved protein modification as a kind of glycosylation of proteins. The role of O‑glycosylation was well documented in multiple cancers. While in breast cancer, the enzymes that catalyzed the initiation of O‑glycosylation remained elusive. In this review, we briefly introduced the process of the initiation of O‑glycosylation and summarized the roles of enzymes that catalyzed the initiation step of O‑glycosylation in the breast cancer carcinogenesis, development, and progression. Finally, we summarized some attempts exploring the therapy against aberrant O‑glycosylation.